recently published works
JAMA NETWORK OPEN
This study examined trends and factors associated with suicide mortality among Japanese students from 2007 to 2022. It analyzed data on suicide rates and motives by age, sex, and school level, highlighting significant increases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key motives included school-related, health-related, and family-related issues.
02
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
This study compared the effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) and lenvatinib (LEN) in elderly patients (80 years and older) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It retrospectively analyzed 170 patients treated with LEN and 92 with Atez/Bev from 2018 to 2022.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
This study investigated the outcomes of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT2) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy-haplo) in patients with relapsed acute leukemia after their first transplant (allo-HCT1). Conducted from 2007 to 2020, it analyzed the efficacy and feasibility of PTCy-haplo, considering prognostic factors such as remission duration after allo-HCT1 and disease status at allo-HCT2. The study revealed the potential for PTCy-haplo as an effective option, while also highlighting the need to evaluate the impact of infused cell counts on transplant outcomes.
ANNALS OF SURGERY
This study evaluated the correlation between recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) to determine if RFS could be a reliable surrogate endpoint in hepatobiliary-pancreatic (HBP) surgeries. It analyzed 986 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), 1168 with biliary tract cancer (BTC), 1043 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 1071 with colorectal liver metastasis from 2002 to 2022. The study suggests that three-year RFS can be used as a surrogate endpoint for OS in clinical trials involving neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for PDAC and BTC.
05
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY, IMMUNOTHERAPY
This study found that soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels can predict outcomes for NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Higher baseline sPD-L1 levels indicated worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in ICI monotherapy patients. Post-treatment, higher sPD-1 levels were linked to better OS, while higher sPD-L1 levels were associated with worse PFS and OS. These biomarkers are significant for predicting clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
06
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
This study identified the human myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) as a crucial host factor for the entry of human parechoviruses (PeV-As), including the severe PeV-A3 genotype. Knocking out MYADM expression in human cells stopped PeV-A infection, while introducing MYADM into resistant cells enabled infection. This finding enhanced understanding of PeV-A pathogenesis.
07
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
This study identified the NIK-mediated NF-κB alternative pathway as a potential therapeutic target for periodontal disease. Researchers used aly/aly mice with a mutation in the map3k14 gene, which causes decreased osteoclasts and mild osteopetrosis. In a periodontitis model, aly/aly mice showed suppressed alveolar bone resorption and decreased expression of RANKL and TNFα compared to wild-type mice. The study also found that the NIK inhibitor, Cpd33, inhibited osteoclast formation and alveolar bone resorption, highlighting its potential as a treatment for bone disease in periodontal conditions.
08
CANCER RESEARCH
This study explored how TGFβ family cytokines shift from tumor-suppressive to tumor-promoting roles. Using mouse intestinal tumor-derived organoids, researchers identified that the KrasG12D mutation inhibits growth suppression, while Trp53R270H GOF mutation with loss of wild-type Trp53 promotes partial EMT and metastasis. They found that the gene Hmga2 is upregulated in these mutations, but its loss blocks EMT and metastasis. The results suggest that TP53 GOF/LOH is crucial for TGFβ-induced malignant progression and that activin signaling could be a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer with TP53 GOF mutations.
09
BLOOD ADVANCES
This study revealed that a subpopulation of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were most susceptible to MLL-ENL-mediated transformation. It identified Bahcc1 as a key gene involved in leukemic transformation, with high expression associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MLL-ENL upregulated Bahcc1, aiding in immortalization by repressing Cdkn1c. Depleting Bahcc1 reduced leukemogenic activity in mice. These findings suggest a potential MLL-fusion-Bahcc1 axis for targeted therapy against MLL-fusion-mediated leukemia.
10
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
This study examined whether adding adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to gelatin hydrogel nonwoven fabric (GHNF) improves subcutaneous islet transplantation outcomes in mice. The results showed that the combination (AG group) led to better blood glucose control, higher cure rates, and enhanced neovascularization compared to GHNF alone, intraportal transplantation, or silicone spacer controls. ADSCs with GHNF showed superior results, suggesting a promising approach for treating severe diabetes.
11
ANNALS OF SURGERY
This study analyzed 10,000 cases of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society (JLTS) registry. It examined outcomes with a focus on the graft-versus-recipient weight ratio (GRWR). Results showed that pediatric recipients with a GRWR ≤5 had better survival rates than those with GRWR >5, while adult recipients aged 50-60 with a GRWR ≥0.7 had better early survival rates. Significant prognostic factors for long-term patient survival included GRWR <0.6, donor age >60 years, recipient age >60 years, and higher model for end-stage liver disease scores. The study concluded that a GRWR ≥5 in pediatric cases and older donors with GRWR <0.7 in adult cases require careful management.
12
THE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
This study clarified the nature and classification of cholangiolocarcinoma (CLC), a rare primary liver carcinoma. Through integrated analyses, it was found that CLC shares mutations and characteristics with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) but also has unique features linked to mismatch-repair deficiency (dMMR). The study suggests that while CLC can be categorized as a subtype of iCCA, it requires distinct treatment approaches due to its unique dMMR characteristics.
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